The decision between an electric vehicle and a gas car involves more than the sticker price. Fuel costs, maintenance, depreciation, and charging infrastructure all factor into the true cost of ownership — and the carbon picture depends on where your electricity comes from.
Purchase Price: EVs Still Cost More Upfront
The average new EV in the U.S. costs around $55,000; the average new gas car costs around $45,000. However, the $7,500 federal EV tax credit (for eligible vehicles and buyers) narrows the gap to roughly $2,500. Used EV prices have fallen significantly — a used 2021–2022 Nissan Leaf or Chevy Bolt can be found for $15,000–20,000, competitive with comparable used gas vehicles.
Fuel Cost: EVs Win Decisively
The average EV uses about 3–4 miles per kWh. At 13¢/kWh (home charging), driving 12,000 miles/year costs roughly $390–520. A comparable gas car at 30 MPG costs about $1,560/year at $3.90/gallon. Annual fuel savings: $1,000–1,200 in most U.S. states. In states with higher electricity rates (California at 28¢/kWh), fuel savings narrow but EVs still win over 30 MPG gas cars.
Maintenance: EVs Cost Less Long-Term
EVs have no oil changes, fewer brake jobs (regenerative braking extends pad life), no transmission service, and fewer overall moving parts. Consumer Reports estimates EVs cost about 40% less to maintain over 200,000 miles. Annual maintenance cost: ~$400–600 for EVs vs. $700–1,000 for gas cars.
Carbon: Depends on Your Grid
An EV charged on the average U.S. grid emits about 200g CO₂/mile. A 30 MPG gas car emits about 290g CO₂/mile — EVs win by ~30%. In low-carbon grids (Pacific Northwest, New York), EVs emit 50–80% less than gas. In coal-heavy grids (parts of the Midwest), the difference narrows to 10–20%. Use our Car vs EV Carbon Calculator for your specific grid region.